Telecommunication and networking

week 1

what is telecommunication?

-Telecomunication refers to the transfer of data from transmitter to a receiver across a distance

• tele = far off

The six elements :-

• people
• procedure
• data/information
• hardware
• software
• communication

People

· peopleware- user of the computer

· most important elements in communication

· built, analyse, and develop the system.

· operate the computer

1. People

· Two categories of people involved in computer and telecommunication

1. Professional

• Those who have gone true specialised training in theory and technical aspects

• e.g. : programmer, computer engineer, etc

2. End user

• Those who only knows how to use without special training in the field.

• e.g. : clerks, teachers, etc,

2. Procedure

• An ordered set of tasks for performing some action

• A clear specification for the sequence, timing, execution, etc. of a process.

• A procedure is a specification of the series of actions, acts or operations which have to be executed in the same manner in order to obtain always the same result in the same circumstances (for example, emergency procedures).

3. Data

• Information stored on the computer system, used by applications to accomplish tasks

• A representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by humans or by automated means.

• Data is fundamentally any information of interest, but these days, the word data implies a binary, machine-readable representation of information.

• A representation of facts or concepts in an organized manner in order that it may be stored, communicated, interpreted, or processed by automated means

Unit for data

• Bit

• Byte

• Kilobyte (KB) – 2^10 bytes/1000 bytes

• Megabyte (MB) – 1 milion bytes

• Gigabyte (GB) – 1 bilion bytes

• Terabyte (TB) – 1 trillion bytes

• ….

4. Hardware (equipments/devices)

• hardware-refers to any physical objects that are part of the computer system
• The basic operations of a computer systems are : IPOS
• Computers needs hardware to operates

5 categories of ICT equipments/devices:

1. Input

2. Process

3. Output

4. Storage

5. Communication

5. Software/Program

• software-refers to instructions that controlls the functioning of the computer

• The instructions executed by a computer, as opposed to the physical device on which they run

• Software refers to parts of the computer that have no material form; programs, data, protocols, etc are all software. When software is stored in hardware that cannot easily be modified (such as BIOS ROM in an IBM PC compatible), it is sometimes termed firmware to indicate that it falls into an area of uncertainty between hardware and software

• A computer program is a collection of instructions that describe a task, or set of tasks, to be carried out by a computer.

• Two types of program/software

1. system software

2. application software

6.communication

Communication is a process of transferring information from one entity to another.

Your next question may be: What is an entity? For now, let's call the entity that transfers information Sender and the entity that receives the information Receiver.

The sender and the receiver can be people, animals or devices. It can also include other beings, but since this website is about communication in the workplace, we'll leave animals, dead people and angels out of this conversation.

Information can be a lot of different things depending on the context. People sometimes view information and the medium to transfer it as one and the same. They aren't. Let's distinguish between the information being sent that the medium used to send it.

The information can be:Words, gestures, drawings, paintings, songs, music.

The means can be: speeches, emails, blogs, forums, text messages, voice messages, poems, essays, books, newspapers, ads, articles, and practically anything you can speak through, write on or draw on.